What works long term
The best way to avoid long-term obesity is not to gain weight to fall into the obesity category - this means if you are sub-30 BMI, have had success in weight loss previously, and feel ‘full’ when eating - your key goals should to lower your BMI and change lifestyle.
If you are over 30 BMI - and struggle to feel full, your body may tell you that you are hungry, even if you are not source.
GLP-1RA Drugs (Ozempic etc) are very strong candidates to suppress hunger and have shown effectiveness. There is, however, growing evidence that a user must stay on those drugs long term (which has its own issues) or weight gain will likely reoccur.
Current science shows the best long term intervention is surgical - in a study that states ‘Surgery is associated with better long-term outcomes than pharmacological treatment for obesity’
“Serum leptin concentrations are correlated with the percentage of body fat, suggesting that most obese persons are insensitive to endogenous leptin production”
